Machine for and method of dyeing cloth and otherwise treating textiles



W. P. COHOE Nov. 26, 1929.

MACHINE FOR AND METHOD OF DYEING- GLOTH AND OTHERWISE TREATING TEXTILES Filed April 12, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet awvewtoz w wwymw Nov. 26, 1929. w, p, CQHOE 1,737,149

MACHINE FOR AND METHOD OF DYEING CLOTH AND OTHERWISE TREATING TEXTILES Filed April 12, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 avwe'ntoz W WWMvM w. P. COHOE 1,737,149 MACHINE FOR AND mswnon OF DYEING CLOTH AND OTHERWISE TREATING TEXTILES Nov, 26, .1929.

Filed April 12, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet ahveuioz I r 560w W W flue mar w. P. coHo'E 1,737,149 MACHINE FOR AND METHOD OF DYEING CLOTH AND OTHERWISE TREATING TEXTILES Nov. 26, 1929.

. 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet Filed April 12 gnvmtoz W. P. COHOE MACHINE FOR AND METHOD OF DYEING CLOTH AND OTHERWISE TREATING TEXTILES 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed April 12 ME QE 'Qywantoz W mzaw ,4 831 /54 awe/m Patent uirao I? Fl 'WAL'LCE IP. COHOE, F. BIVERDALE-GN HUDSQN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOB TO COHOE PROCESSES, 1110., OF Kl'EW EYQBK, N. Y., A GOREOBATION 01? NEW YORK aracniun ron AND iaurnon or forums onorn. nun ornnawrsn TIHG rnxrms a licants ales n is, 1927. semi No. 183,085..

This invention relates to a method oi and Fig. 2 is a similar view ofa machine using machine for treating textiles with fluids. a slightly different type of roll.

In my previous application No. 76,407, filed Fig. 3 is a plan view of the machine illus- Dec. 19, 1925, now Patent No. 1,612,698, trated in Fig. 1 showing the mechanism for granted Dec. 28, 1926, I have described a driving the rolls,

method of and machine for treating a textile Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic section through a with a fluid on one side of the textile by machine of a slightly difierent "form. means of a rapidly moving element which, by Figs. 5 and 6 diagrammatically illustrate the phenomenon of skin friction, drives the types of active or pumping rolls which may be 1@ fluid against the textile and creates a fluid used in'the machines. m pressure which forces the fluid into,and under Fig. 7. diagrammatically illustrates a macertain conditions of operation through, the chine in which the rapidly moving element is textile. In said patent 1 illustrate the invena non-rotating body.

tion 1 connection with a machine in which The machine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 in? 5 the rapidly moving eleme t was a roll or a elusive includes-a fluid container which y M plurality of rolls. conveniently consist of 3 parts, namely the I shall now disclose the invention in conbottom 1, the top 2 and the cover 3. The nection with a machine in which the'rapidly movable elements, in this machine the active moving element is a non-rotating element and or pumping rolls 4 5, 6, 7 8 and 9, preferably I shall also disclose a machine and method 111 an even number 0' rolls, are disposed in sets 7 which I take advantage of the fact that the with one set consisting of rolls 4, 5 and 6 arskin friction may be used not only to; create ranged on oneside of the textile and the a fluid pressure on one side of the text1le,but other set consisting of rolls 7, 8 and 9 arranged also to create a suction on the opposite side on the other side of the textile. The textile 26 of the textile, said machine being so de- -is shown asa soft un'woven lap 10 supplied 7 signed as to create this fluid pressure and from any suitable source which is not shown suction with remarkable efficiency and force on the drawings. The lap is fed between two the fluid through the textile. fluid permeable belts 11 and 12, termed aprons, The invention will be described in connecwhich supportit and guide it as it enters the ac tion with a machine designed primarily for fluid 13 in the container and as it passes be so the treatment, such as the washing or dye tween the sets of active rolls. The textile ing, of an unwoven textile, for instance, may however, be a woven textile such as lapped material. It is'to he understood how cloth in which case the aprons may be ever, that the following description is merely dis ensed with if desired. illustrative of the treatment of other textiles he p rpose of expla ning theoperas5 with fluids other than dyes or washing fluids. 9i the machme e of QM f the The drawings illustrate forms of machines l Q eemp c r l 7, Wlll be deadapted primarily for the treatment of an unzg golmecllon w h woven textile, although they may be used 6 To 8 15 five all 511) a will 0 li M an other textiles at was @r carry m me, lg g ggfgggi ggyggyg 5, a

ing out the Plot-less which I have inflamed all open vessel would follow the surface of the of which will f filmy appear l l' roll and revolve with it. ll, however, a guard lowmg description and accompanying or ba fie is placed quite near to the surface llmwmgsdml W131 be pmmwhfly Pointed out of the roll, the stream of fluid which is reas m the volving with the roll will, in efieet, be scraped 1n he dr w ng from the surlaceoil the roll and may be dig ll 18 a diagrammatic l through rested against the textile. The stream of one of the machines having rolls as the elefluid possesses a large amount of kin ti a so ments which create the fluid stream. ergy and if it is thus directed against the ten.- ce

the container tile, the speed of the stream will be decreased where itstrikes the textile, but a fluid pressure will be created which will cause the fluid to penetrate or pass entirely through the textile. To obtain this result in my machine each of the active rolls is surrounded by a hous ing which, for purposes of description, may be considered to include the inner wall 14 of and the baflle 15. During the usual operation of the machine the container is filled with fluid of such a level that all of the housings are filled and as the roll revolves it creates the stream of fluid just mentioned. The surface 16 of the bafile which is next to the roll is curved concentrically with the surface of the roll and the baflie is so placed in the machine with relation to the roll that there is an exceedingly small space between the face 16 of the bafile and the periphery of the roll. The face 17 of the baflie joins the face 16 in a sharp knife-like edge, extending across the width of the roll and container, which deflects the stream of fluid from its normal path of revolution. As is. shown the face 17 of the baflle is spaced from the opposite portion 18 of the inner wall of the container to form an outlet 19 from the housing as well as a passage to direct the fluid stream. The fluid in this passage is under considerable pressure due to the fact that the roll is continually revolving and tending to drive fluid into the passage and this pressure causes the fluid to penetrate the textile. If the pressure is great enough, as it usually is in the commercial operation of the machine, the fluid will pass entirely through the textile. Preferably, the rolls are driven at such a rate of speed that such a pressure is created at the outlet 19 as to force the fluid through the textile quite rapidly and with such force so that the fluid not only contacts with the individual fibers of the textile but is driven into the fibers with the result that a uniform treatment of the textile with the fluid may be obtained.

The inner wall of the housing is preferably given the contour shown on the drawings to assist in the eflicient functioning of the machine. For this purpose the wall of the hOlIS'. ing is flared so as to be a considerable distance from the periphery of the roll at ap-- proximately the 'point20 and approaches the roll in a smooth curve to a point 21 where the wall of the container is so close to the surface of the roll so that there is no opportunity for the fluid to form a back current along the housing, that is, at the point 21 the wall of the housing and the surface of the roll are so close together that the fluid stream created by the roll takes up all of the space between the surface of the roll and the wall. The distance between the surface of the roll and the wall of the housing at the point 21 is great enough however, to permit the passage of a fluid stream having sulficient volume to provide 7 narrow enough fluid to maintain at'all times a fluid pressure at the opening 19 and allow for the escape of so much fluid as willpass between the surface of the roll and the curved surface 16 of the baflle.

The fluid enters the housingthrough the large opening 22 formed by the end 23 of the housing and the'curved side 24' of the baflie. As is shown; the textile passes across this opening and the fluid enters the housing b passin through the textile. It will readily be understood that when the roll revolves and drives the fluid toward the opening 19 a suction will be created at the opening 22 which draws the fluid through the textile and the opening 22 is'lar e so that the textile is exposed to the suction For quite an appreciable time. This suction is increased by the action of the film of fluid which escapes from the pressure side of the roll through the curved surface 16 of the balfle- As the surface of the roll moves from under the end 25 of the bafiie, this film of fluid will assist in driving 1 the fluid. entering the housing through the opening 22 toward the more art of the space between the'surface oft e roll and the wall of the housing. From this explanation/ it will be seen that a single roll creates both a fluid pressure and a suction at spaced points on the same side of the textile and that the suction is created both by the action of the roll in creating the fluid stream which is driven against the textile on the pressure side of the roll and by the action of the film of fluid which escadpes from the pressure side to the suction si e of the roll between the surface of the roll and the curved surface 16 of thebaflie. By changing the size and shape of the baflie and the size and speed of the roll almost any correlation of pressure and suction may be obtained. It is obvious that the slower the peripheral speed of the roll, provided rolls of the same smoothness. of surface are used, the less will be the speed and kinetic energy of the fluid stream created and also the greater the space between the surface of the roll and the surface 16 of the baflie the more will be the fluid which escapes from the pressure side of the roll and consequently the less will be the pressure at the opening 19 and the reater will be the suction created by the lm of fluid which escapes from the pressure side of the roll into the opening 24 of the housing.

Although the machine-may contain only one active roll a plurality of rolls are preferabl used and the rolls and housings are prefera ly so spaced that the area of suction created by one roll isopposite, although not necessarily coextensive with, the area. of pressure created by another roll on the 0p posite side of the textile so that each roll cal,

passing through the textile. Thus, adjacent rolls on opposite sides of the textile may be considered as workingin airs and the roll 7 may be paired either with roll 4 or with roll 5. In the normal operation of the machine the roll 5 creates a fluid stream exerting pressure on one-side of the textile in the opening26 which pressure forces the fluid through the textile and at the same time the roll 7 creates a fluid stream exerting suction on the opposite side of the textile which tends to suck the fluid through the textile and in this way the rolls of-any pair cooperate in creating a stream of fluidpassing through the textile. Similarly the roll 7 creates a pressure at the opening 19 and the roll 4 creates a suction on the opposite side of thetextile so that the fluid which enters the housing through the opening 22 is forced from the housing through the textile and into the housing surrounding the roll .4. Considering all of the active rolls it will be seen that a continuous stream of fluid .passes back and forth through the textile first from one side of the textile and then from the other while the textile is continuously passed across the stream and between each passage through the textile energy is imparted to the stream. The baflles 15 acting conjointly with the wall 14 of the container surrounding the respective rolls separate the inlet and outlet openings into the housing and space the/points at which the stream passes back and forth through the textile and also limit the area of application of the suction and pressure created by the rolls. The stream starts with rolls 9 and passes through the textile into the suction side of the housing surrounding roll 6' which roll then imparts energy to the fluid stream and drives it through the textile into the housing surrounding roll 8 which roll in its turn imparts energy to the fluid stream and drives it into the housing surrounding the roll 5 and so on; Thus each roll is revolved at such a rate of speed and in such a direction with relation to the rolls of its set and-the rolls of the other set that a fluid pressure is created on one side of the textile and a suction is created on the opposite side of the textile so that a stream of fluid is created and forced through the textile. In a machine of the construction shown in Fig. 1 in which the rolls revolve in the directions indicated by the arrows on them the fluid stream continually moves from one end of the container toward the other end and in order to ,permit the fluid to return so that it may again pass through the textile the cover of the machine is provided with a passage 27 to provide for the back flow of the fluid. It is possible, although not economito prevent the rotation of any one or more of the active rolls or remove any of the rolls from its housing. The remaining rolls the baflies and the faces textile throug usually will then create the stream of fluid and drive it as previously described.

The textile which is fed to the machine is preferably of such a thickness that it, and its supporting aprons when such aprons are used, freely move through the space 28 provided for them as shown onthe drawings. To provide for the easy passage of the textile and aprons throughthe machine frictionless rollers 29 may be placed on the faces 30 of 31 of the wall of the container. The rollers also prevent the leakage of the fluid parallel to the textile or through the textile in the direction of its length from the ressure side of any roll to the suction side y pressing the.aprons 11' and 12 toward each other and compressing the textile and by filling the space between the aprons and the faces 30 and31 of the 'bafiies and container walls. Ithas been found that rollers situated on the housing in the positions shown in the drawings are sufficient to prevent the escape of fluid parallel to the textile and are also sufficient to provide for the easy movement of the textile and aprons through the machine, but more rollers may be provided at suitable points if desired. Different sized rollers 29 may be used to accommodate textiles of difierent thicknesses. Thus if a thin textile is run through the machine larger rollers 29 are used to compress the textile and prevent the escape of fluid from any pressure area to any suction area in a direction parallel with the textile or through the textile in the direction of its length. If the combined thickness of the textile and aprons .is such that, in their expanded condition after passing between the rollers 29, they fully occupy the space A over the feed roll 33 where it also meets the textile and together the aprons carry the the machine. The textile and aprons are drawn through the machine by means of the press rolls 34 and 35 which not only draw the textile through the machine, but squeeze the surplus fluid from the textile. The roll 35 draws the apron I2'away from the textile and returns the apron to the feed roll 33. The roll34 returns the apron 11 to the feed roll 32 by means of the idling rolls, 36 and 37. The treated lapped material may be removed from the apron 11 at any convenient point but is removed from the apron at the roll 34 as 18 illustrated on the drawings.

The parts of the machine are preferably so arranged that the textile passes through the machine in a plane, that is, the textile is kept perfectly flat when it is under treatment and does not pass around the active rolls.

his is especially/desirable in casethe textile is unwoven and has to be carried through the machine b the aprons. The plane in which the textile passes through the machine is parallel to the plane determined by-the axes of the active rolls of a set so that the textile is equally spaced at all points from any roll adjacent which it passes withthe result that the fluid stream is forced against the textilewith equal pressure at all points. For this purpose the-faces 29 of the baflles and the faces 30 of the wall of the container which form the space or passage 28 are flat and parallel to each other. These faces 29 and 30 of the baflle and container also have a considerable area so that, in addition to preventing the leakage of the fluid from the pressure side of a roll to the suction side the sur faces may support the textile as it passes through the machine. The baflles and bone ing for the active rolls are also preferably so placed with relation to the passage 28 for the textile that the fluid is driven perpendicularly against the textile which is desirable because it puts no strain on the textile along its length. The textile is guided into the passage by means of the guide rolls 38 and 39 which are preferably mounted in frictionless bearings so that they turn very easily. The guide roll 38 is of such a size and so placed that it takes the textlle directly from the feed rolls 31 and 32 and leads it directly into the passage 28 through which it passes through the machine. The guide roll 39 is of such a size and so placed that it takes the textile from the passage 28 through whloh itis passed through the machine and feeds it to the press roll 34.

The lower press roll 34 is driven from an electric motor 40 which drives a gear 41 which meshes with a gear 42 on the rose roll 34. The upper press roll 35 may, i desired,

be driven by the gears 43, 44 and 45. Gear 43 meshes with gear 42 and also with gear 44 which in turn meshes with the gear 45 on the upper press roll so that the upper press roll is driven in the correct direction to draw the textile through the'machine. Press roll 35 may, if desired, be driven by the gears 43, 44 and 45.

Fresh fluid is fed into the container to compensate for thatabsorbed by the textile. This fluid is contained in a tank 46 from which it is drawn by the pump 47 and forced by means of pipes 48, 49 and 50 into the container. The pipes 49 and 50 deliver the fresh fluid into pipes 51 and 52 which extend entirely across the machine and have small openings so that the fresh fluid is distributed entirely across the Width of the container.

Valves 53 permit the fresh fluid, to be de livered either at the end where textile ,rolls 7, 8 and '71 which are shown on Fig. 3.

that the active rolls are not the same entersthe container or at the end where thev textile leaves the container or both, as desired. The pump 47 is driven by means of a. belt 54 from the motor 40. The belt 54 drives a. pulley 55 to which the plunger ofv the pump is connected by the crank 56. By means of an adjustable connection,.such as the bolt and nut 57, between the crank and the pulley the stroke of the pump may be varied to supply a greater or less amount of fluid. The arrangement for varying the amount of fresh fluid supplied to the container is desirable becaues a thick textile removes more fluid from the machine than. does a. thin textile and therefore more fluid must be delivered .to the machine when a thick textile is treated than when a thin texti e is treated. The fluid which is squeezed from the textile by the press rolls 34 and 35 drips from the lower press roll 34 and is caught in a receiver 58 from allowed to return to the machine.

Steam or cold water ,may be admitted to, or withdrawn from, the spaces 59 surrounding the active rolls to control the temperature of the fluid and inlets and outlets 60 are provided for this purpose. The fluid with which the textile is treated/may be withdrawn from the container by the outlets 61.

Each set of active rolls may be driven as a unit from caring in a gear box 62 shown on Fig. 3. "fhe set of rolls 4, 5 and 6 may be driven from shaft 63 on which are mounted bevelled gears 64. A shaft similar to shaft 63 drives bevelled gears whichrevolve the 9. The bevelled gears 64 and 65 mesh with inions 66 which turn short shafts 67 whic through quick detachable universal joints contained in casings 68, drive the shafts 69 which are connected to the spindles 70 of the active rolls. The spindles for the rolls revolve in frictionless bearings Plates 72 on the side of the container and packing nuts 73 prevent the leakage offluid from the container and allow the active rolls to be removed.

Bearings 74 support the spindles 75 of the feed and press rolls and permit the rotation of these rolls. Bearings in housings 76 sup- "port the spindle of the guide roll 38 and permin the rotation-of the roll.

Bearings and housings similar to the bearings and housings 76 support and permit the rotation of the guide roll 39ibut these have not been shown on Big. 3 in order to simplify the drawing.

The machine shown in Fig. 2 is similarto the machine shown in Figs l and 3, except smooth but contain vanes 7'57. It has been found that by using rolls which have vanes a greater fluid pressure and suction 18 obtained by can be obtainedv than the use of smooth rolls having which it may either be drawn off or ateral speed, because the fill the space between are in effect a'roughening of the surface of the rolls and cause a greater friction between the rolls and the fluid so that the fluid stream formed by the revolution of the va-ned rolls has more kinetic energy than has the fluid stream created by the smooth rolls provided the smooth rolls and the vaned rolls are .re volved at the same speed. It is therefore poss'ble to revolve the vaned rolls at a slower speed to obtain a fluid pressure or suction equal to that set up by the smooth rolls. In the case of the vaned rolls the vanes may be of such a length that they do not completely fill the space between the base surface 7 f the roll and the wall of the container and they just clear the face 16" of the baflie. Therefore, as. the vaned rolls revolve they create the fluid stream which is deflected by the face 17 of the battle and passes through the textile as described above with regard to the smooth rolls.

The vanes may have any suitableshape or length. Fig. 5 shows a roll having vanes which are quite like the teeth on gear Wheels and gears have been successfully used as active rolls on machines for treating narrow strips of cloth. The roll shown in Fig. 6 has longer vanes than the rolls shown in Fig. 2 and if such a roll were used in the machine shown in Fig. 2 the vanes would completely the base surface 78 of the roll and the housing in which case it would be necessary to cut back the face 16 of the battle to permit the longer vanes to ass.

p The machine diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 4; operates on the same principle as that shown in Fig. 1, but baflles'are not used. In this case the adjacent rolls of a set cooperate so that together they form either a fluid pressure or suction on the textile. For purposes of reference the rolls in this type of machine are numbered 79, 80,81, 82, 83 and 84: of which rolls 79, 80 and 81 compose one set and rolls 82, 83 and 84 compose the other set. Considering the adjacent rolls 82 and 83 of one set, it will be seen that these rolls revolve .in opposite directions so that their surfaces at the points 85 are moving in the same direction, that is upwardly, ates a fluid stream and draws the fluid with it the streams created by the respective rolls will join and create a fluid pressure on the under side of the textile which will force the fluid through the textile. The rolls 82 and 83 are preferably of such a size and so placed that the distance between the surfaces at the point 85 is less than twice the distance between the surface of either roll and the container at the point 86 so that the volume of the combined fluid streams set up by the rolls 82 and 83 will be more than suflicient to form a fluid stream filling the space and moving between the rolls at the point 85. Therefore,

as the two fluid streams 30in and move he andas each roll cre- I suction on one The stream of fluid which passes between the rolls at the point 85 possesses a great amount of kinetic energy an is driven with great force against the textile and has suflicient force to pass through the textile. The walls 88 of the container are preferably curved concentrically with the rolls and join'at the point 89 so that the fluid stream set up by each active roll is directed into the space between the rolls at the point 85 which also assists in maintaining the direction of movement of the fluid streams.

The rolls 79 and 80 are revolved in such a direction that they cooperate to create on the textile a suction opposite to the pressure created by the rolls 82 and 83. As the fluid passes from the space 87 through the textile the rolls 79 and 80 pick it up and drive it into the spaces 90 between the rolls and the wall 88 of the container. The rolls 79 and 80 are of such a size and so placed that the distance between the rolls at the point'91 is less than twice the distance between either roll and the wall 88 of the container and therefore all of the fluid which passesbetween the rolls at the point 91 may easily escape, that is, the combined volume of the passages between the rolls 79 and 80 and the wall of the container at the points 90 is greater than the volume between the rolls 79 and 80 at the point 91 andtherefore no up in the spaces 90 which will prevent the rolls from drawing out of the suction space 92 all of the fluid which passes through the textile. Thus considering the rolls.79 and 80 and 82 and 83, it will be seen that the two adjacent rolls of one set, for instance the rolls 82 and 83, revolve in opposite directions and cooperate to produce between them a,

stream of fluid exerting a fluid pressure .on

one side of the textile and also cooperate to form a fluid stream passing through the textile; and the rolls 7'9 and 80 also revolve in opposite directions andcooperate to form between them a stream of fluid exerting a side of the textile and to form a fluid stream passing through the textile each of the rolls being so revolved with re-' gard to speed of rotation an its position relative to the textile and to the adjacent roll that these results are obtained. When the rolls 79 and 80 revolve in opposite directions the adjacent surfaces of the rolls at point 91 move in the same direction to exert a suction on the textile and likewise when the rolls 82 and 83 revolve in opposite dire-a tions their adjacent surfaces at point- 85 move the stream at moving very swiftly and more,

space 87 next pressure is built in the same direction to exert a pressure on the textile. If the opposite rolls and 83 are considered as a pair it will be seen that these rolls revolve in the same direction and cooperate with each other to create aifluid stream passin through the textile, the roll 83 creating a fluid pressure over an area on one side of the textile and the roll 80 creating a suction on the other side of the textile. Therefore each roll is revolved at such a rate of speed and in such a direction with relation to the rolls of its set and the rolls of the other set that a fluid pressure is created on one sideof the textile and a suction is created on the opposite side of the textile so that a. stream of fluidis created and forced through the textile.

The active rolls 81 and 84 are preferably similar to the other active rolls and are so revolved that they cooperate with the rolls 80 and 83 in the same way as do the rolls 79 and 82. Thus the roll 81 coo erates with the adjacent roll 80 to form a uid pressure in the space 93 and the roll 84 cooperates with the adjacentroll 83 to create a suction in the space 94 and the adjacent rolls 81 and 84 cooperate with each other to form afluid stream passing through the textile. All of the rolls cooperate to create a fluid stream passing back and forth through the textile first from one side of the textile and then from the other while the textile is continuously passed across the stream and each roll imparts energy to the stream between each passage through the textile. The rolls space the oints at which the stream passes back and orth through the textile and limit the areas of application of the suction and pressure. a

The ends of the container adjacent the outside pairs of rolls are especially designed to assist in creating the fluid stream. For this purpose the wall 95 of the container is spaced a considerable distance from the roll 82 so that a reservoir of the fluid is provided in the space 96 and the wall of the container at the point 97 is substantially straight so that the stream of fluid created by the roll 84 is directed against the textile. The textile 10, which is Without the supporting a led between the sets of rol s in a plane parallel with the planes determined bythe axes of the active rolls of either set and perpendicular to the lane determined by the axes of the active rol s of any pair. Guide rolls 38 and 39 similar to those described in' connection with Fig. 1 are used for this purpose. These guide rolls are of such a size and so placed that the feed the textile between the active shown in Fig. 4

rolls an remove it therefrom as'is described in connection with Fig. 1. The textile is preferably of such a thickness'that it almost entirely fills the space between the active rolls of any pair of rolls and thus prevents the such as is sh rons, is preferably of. the fluid stream and escape of any large amount of fluid parallel with the textile. If the textile touches the rolls it is possible that the friction will heat the textile. In this type of machine however, it is preferable not to have the textile touch the rolls and therefore the textile passes between the opposite rolls in a plane substantially at right angles to the plane determined by the axes of the rolls so that the textile is adjacent the rolls for as short a distance as possible and the rolls are preferably revolved at such a rate of speed that they carry with them a film of fluid between the surface of the roll and the textile. Thus, the'textile rides over the rolls on a film of fluid. The speed at which the rolls must be revolved to maintain this film of fluid on the surface of the rolls depends upon the viscosity of the fluid and the permeability of the textile, as well as the thickness of the textile, but ordinarily any speed of revolution of therolls Which will create the fluid stream through the textile is suflicient to maintain the film of fluid between the surface of the roll and the textile. This fluid film which asses between the surface of the roll and t e textile leaves the surface of the roll in the suction space and assists in creating the suction as has previously been described in connection with Fi 1. Thus, the films of fluid between the sur ace of the roll 7 9 and the textile and between thesurface of the roll 80 and the textile are thrown away from the surface of the respective rolls as the surfaces move away from the textile, that is, the fluid of the films is thrown into the suction space 92, but as the fluid films are moving in the direction of revolution of the rolls they meet and assist in creating the suction in the space 92 and thus assist in drawing the fluid from the pressure space 87 into the suction space 92 and thus assist in creating the stream of fluid passing through the textile. Since the textile is not supported by bafllesin a machine own in Fig. 4, the textile will bulge slightly from the pressure space 87 toward t e suction space 92 and will also bulgefrom the pressure s ace 93 to the suction s ace 94, but this bulging may be prevente in large measure by keeping the textile taut While it is passing through the ma chine.

In the machine shown in Fig. 7 the movable elements are continuous belts 98 and 99 which move in contact wiii the fluid and create the fluid stream As in all of the machines shown, the stream of fluid is parallel to the surface of the moving element; in the case of the machines shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 the stream is concentric with the active rolls and in Fig. 7 the fluid stream is parallel to the surface of the belt. Baflles 100 are so placed in the machine that they lie in the path as the stream strikes the baflles a fluid pressure is created which erably of such a size that one-end of each baflle lies close to the moving belt and theother end of the baflle lies close to the textile and the faces of the'baflles are such that they perform their function of deflecting the fluid stream and directing it against the textile with as little reduction of the energy of the stream as is possible. Baffles substantially like those shown in Fig. 7 are deemed satisfactory. Such baflles lie entirely across the space between the textile and the adjacent belt and have curved forward faces 101 to deflect the fluid stream and direct it against the textile.

When the belts are moving .fast enough to give the fluid stream sufficient kinetic energy, the fluid will pass entirely through the textile and the baflles on opposite sides of the textile are preferably staggered so that one baflle directs the fluidstream through the textile in one direction and the next baflie causes the fluid stream to pass through the textile in'the other direction. is preferably so spaced from the adjacent baflle of its set on the same side of the textile that the fluid is exposed between the adj acent baflies to the action of the belt on that side of the textile for a sufficient length of time to impart suflicient energy'to the fluid to drive it through the textile when it strikes the next baflle. Therefore, in the case of the machine shown in Fig. 7, as in the cases of the machines shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 the fluid stream passes back and forth through the textile and energy is, imparted to the stream after each passage of the fluid through the textile. i

It will be understood that as either belt passes a baflie and the fluid stream is deflectedf'rom the surface of the belt by the a suction Wlll.

back of the forward face 101 of the bafile, be created in the space 102 in bafltle and this suction will assist in drawing the fluidthrough the textile. Thus each baflie acting conjointly with the adjacent belt creates both a fluid pressure and a suction on the textile, the pressure and suction being on the same side of the textile and at spaced points-and also adjacent baflies on opposite sides of the textile simultaneously create a suction-and a pressure on opposite sides of the textile.

Any number of baflies may be used but pref erably only enough are used and they are sospaced that the pressure and suction areas eflecti've creation are arranged for the most back and of the fluid stream and its passage forth through the textile. i

The belts 98 and 99 are movedby means of the pulleys 103 which may be driven in any suitable manner as, for instance, by a will have to be Each baflle same reason the sides 106 modified gear box similar to that shown in Fig. 3. Also the belts may be moved ineither direction but they are preferably moved in the same direction and opposite to the movement of the textile as shown in Fig.7. When the belts are moved in the direction shown, the fluid will move from right to left with the belts along the center line of the machine and will move from left to right with the belts along the top and bottom of the machi-nean d in this way a circulation of the fluid will be obtained. The speedof the belts depends upon such factors as the thickness of the textile, the viscosity of the fluid, etc. Obviously the thinner the textile the easier the fluid will pass through it and the less the speed of the belts.

The space between the upper and lower parts of eagh belt is filled in by the casings 104 so that the amount of space in the machine which the fluid may occupy is decreased to the end that as little fluid as possible need be usedin the machine. Steam or cold water for heating or, cooling the fluid may be admitted into or withdrawn from the interior of the'casing through the openings 60 and the fluid may be withdrawn from the cons tainer through the pipe 61. The ends 105 of the casings are preferably curved concentrically with the pulleys 103 and lie very close to the surface of the pulleys so that little or no fluid is between the ends 105 and the pulleys because it is not desired to form a fluid stream in this space, the formation of which would consume energy. For the of the casing lie the belts and the sides also serve closely to 4 the belt where the belt passes next to back up to a baflle.

The textile is fed into the machine 11 means of the feed rolls 32 and 33 and is withdrawn from the machine by means of the press rolls 34 and 35. The guide rolls 38 and 39 are so placed that they take thetextile from the feed rolls and deliver it to the press rolls and maintain the textile while it is passing through the machine in a plane mid-way between the belts 98'and 99.

Although particular and preferred forms of the machine of the present inventionhave been described and preferred methods of op:- erating the machines to carry out the process which I have invent-ed have been'described, it is recognized that modifications in the machine and process ma be made and therefore it is distinctly to e understood that the invention is to be construed as broadly as the limitations in the claims taken in conjunction with the prior art may allow.

1. In. 'amethod of treating a textile with a fluid the steps which'include'passing the textile between two rolls in contact with the fluid and revolving the rolls at such rates of-speed and at such directions that they cooperate to create a stream of fluid passing through the textile.

2. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include creating a pres-' sure of the fluid on one side of the textile and simultaneousl creating a suction on the opoDsite side of t, e textile by means of revolving rolls.

3. In amethod of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include passing the textile between two rolls in contact with the fluid and revolving the rolls at such a rate of speed and at such directions that one roll creates a fluid pressure on one side of the textile and the other roll creates a suction on the opposite side of the textile whereby fluid is forced through the textile.

4. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include passing the texgo tile between two opposite rolls in contact with the fluid and revolvin the rolls at such a rate of speed and in such fiirections that one roll creates a fluid pressureon one side of the textile andthe other roll creates a suction on the g opposite side of the textile whereby the pressureand suction force the fluid through the textile.

5. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include passing the texso tile between two opposite rolls in contact with the fluid and revolving the rolls in the same .direction and at such rates of speed that one of the rolls creates a fluid ressure over' the area of one side of the textile and the other roll creates a suction on the opposite side of the textile whereby the pressure and suction force the fluid through the textile. 6. a method of treating a textile with a -fluid,'the steps which includepassing the textile between sets of rolls in contact with the fluid and revolvin each of the rolls at such a rate of speed an in such a direction with relation to the rolls of its set and the rollsof another set that a stream of fluid 'is created and forced through the textile.

- 7 In a method of treating a textile with afluid, the steps whichinclude passing the textile between sets of rolls in contact with the fluid and revolving each of the rolls at such a Y rate of speed and in such a direction with-re T lation tothe rolls of its set and the rolls of another set that a fluid pressure is created "on one side of the textile and a suction is created on-the opposite side of the; textile to" force the fluid through the textile.

8. In a method of'treating a textile'with =a fluid, the steps which include passing the textile with he side adjacent to a pluralit of rolls and so revolvingeach of the rolls with regard to speed of rotation and its pocentroll that adjacent rolls create between them a stream of fluid exerting pressure on the textile.

' 9.;In a method of treating a textile with operate to create i ,spective rolls move in the same direction sition relative to the textile and to an ad a-' a fluid, the steps-which include passing the textile with one side adjacent to a. plurality of rolls and so revolving each ofthe rolls with regard to speed of rotation and its position relative to the textile and toan adjacent roll that adjacent rolls create between them a stream of fluid exerting'suction on the textile.

10. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include passing the textile with one side adjacent to'tworolls and revolvin the rolls in opposite direction at a speed su cient to create between them a stlream of fluid exerting pressure on the texti e. 4

11. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include passing the textile with one side adjacent to two rolls and revolving the rolls in opposite directions at a speed sufficient to create between them a streamof fluid exerting suction on the textile.

12. In a method of treating atextile with a fluid, the steps which include passing the textile between sets of rolls in contact with the fluid and ,revolving each of therolls at such a rate of speed and in such a direction with relation to the adjacent roll of another set that a stream of fluid is created and forced through the textile. v

13. In a method of'treating a textile with a fluid the steps which include passin the textile between sets of rolls and revo vin each of the rolls at such a rate of speed and in such a direction with relation to the adjacent roll of another set that a fluid pressure is created on one side of-the textile and a suction is created on the opposite side of the textile to force the'fluid through the textile.

14. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid,v the steps which include passing the textile between sets of rollsin contact with the fluid and so revolving the adjacent rolls of a set that said adjacentrolls coa stream of fluid passing. throu h the textile.

15. a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the stepswhich include passing the textile between sets of rolls in contact with the fluid and so revolving the adjacent rolls. of a set that the adjacent surfaces of the respective rolls move in the same directionand cooperate to create a stream of fluid pass ing through the textile. a 16. In a method of treating a textile with a 'fluid, the steps which'include passing the textile between sets of rolls in contact with y the fluid and so revolving the adjacent rolls of. a set that the adjacent surfaces of the reand coo crate to" exert a fluid pressure onr the text' 6. v i

17. In a method of'treating a. textile with a fluid, the steps which'inc'lude passing the textile between sets of rolls in contact with means the fluid and so revolving the adj acent rolls of a set that the adjacent surfaces of the respective rolls move in the, same direction arid cooperate to exert a suction on the texti e. 1 i

18. In a methodof treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include passing the textile between sets of rolls in contact with the fluid and so revolving the adjacent rolls of each set that said ad'acent rolls cooperate to create a stream of uid passing through the textile.

19. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include passing thetextile between sets of rolls arranged in sea rise with one roll of each pair on each side of the textile and contacting with the fluid, and so revolving the adjacent rolls that they cooperate to create a stream of fluid passing through the textile.

20. In a method a fluid, the steps which include passing the textile between sets of rolls arranged in series with one roll of each pair on each side of the textile and-contacting with the fluid and so revolving. the adjacent rolls of each set and pair that a fluid pressure is created on one side of the textile and a suction created on the opposite side of the textile to create a stream of fluid passing through the textile.

21. In a method of treating a textile with a fluid, the steps which include for ing a stream of the fluid and forcing the ,stream by pressure through the textile first from one side ofthe textile and then from the other while continually the stream.

22. In a method of treatin a textile with a fluid, the steps which incliide forming a stream of the fluid and forcing the stream through the textile first from one side of the textile and then from the other and imparting energy to the stream between each passage of the fluid through the textile while passing the textile across continually passing the textile across the stream.

23. In a method of treatinga textile with a fluid, the steps which include forming a stream of the fluid and forcing the stream by pressure through the textile first from one side and then from the other at spaced points while continually passing the textile across the stream.

2e. In a method of treating a textile'with a fluid the steps which include forming a stream of fluid and forcing the stream throu' h the textile first from one side and then rom the other 'at spaced. points and imparting energy to the stream between each' passage of the fluid through the textile while continually passing the textile across the stream.

25. In a method oftreating a textile with H a fluid the steps which include providing a baifle and a movable element, and moving of treating a textile withthe rolls at such rates of speed and at such directions that said rolls cooperate in creating a stream of fluid through the textile.

27. A machine for treating a textile with I a fluid including a fluid container, two rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the rolls and means adapted to rotate the rolls at such rates of speed and in such directions that one roll creates 'a fluid pressure on one side of the textile and the other roll creates a suction on the opposite side of the textile.

28. A machine for treating a textile with i a fluid including a fluid container, two opposite rolls Within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the rolls, and means adapted to revolve the rolls in the same direction at such rates of speed that said rolls cooperate in creating a stream of fluid passing through the textile.

29. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, two opposite rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the rolls, and means adapted to revolve the rolls in the same direction at such rates of speed that one roll creates a fluid. pressure on one side of the textile and the other roll creates a suction on the opposite side of the textile.

30. A. machine fortreating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile bet-ween the sets of rolls, and means adapted to revolve each of the rolls at such a rate of speed and in such. a direction with relation to the rolls of its set and the rolls of another set that a stream of fluid is created and forced through the textile.

31. A. machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls within the container ada ted to contactwith the fluid, means'adapte to pass the textile between the sets of rolls, and means adapted to revolve each of the rolls at such a rate of speed and in' such a direction with relation to the rolls of its set and the rolls of another set that a fluid pressure is created on one side of the textile a suction is created on the o inc posits sideof the textile to force the fluid Q through the textile.

A eta-"ma for treating a san with'f ,them a stream of fluid exerti to the textile and to an adjacent roll that the' adjacent rolls create between them a stream of fluid exerting pressure on the textile.

33. A. machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, a plurality of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile through the container with;

one side adjacent to said rolls, and means adapted to so revolve each of the-rolls wit regard to speed of rotation and its positio relative to the textile and to an adjacent rod that the adjacent rolls create between them a stream of fluid exerting suction on. the

textile;

34. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a'fluid container, two rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile through the container with one side adjacent to said rolls, and means adapted to revolve said rolls in opposite directions and at such a rate of speed that the rolls create between g pressure on the textile.

35. A. machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, two rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adaptedtopass the textile through. the container with one side adjacent to said rolls, and means adapted, to revolve said rollsin opposite directions and at such a rate of speed that the rolls create between them a stream of fluid exerting suction. on the text e.

36. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the sets of rolls, and means adapted to revolve each of the rolls at such a rate-of speed and in such a direction with relation to the adjacent roll of another set "that a stream of fluidis created and forced through the textile;

37.. machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls within the container adapted to contact with thcfluid, meansadaptedto pass the textile between the sets of rolls, and means adapted to revolve each of the rolls at'such a rate of speed and in such a direction with relation to the adjacent roll of another set that a fluid pressure is created on one side of the textile and a suction'is created on the opposite side of the textile to forcethe fluid through the textile. 1

38m A machine for treating a textile with 'a fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the sets of rolls, and. means adapted to so revolve the adjacent rolls of a set that the adjacent surfaces of the respective rolls move in the same direction and cooperate to create a stream of fluid'passing through the textile.

39. A machine for treating a textile with a 5 fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the sets of rolls, and means adapted to so revolve the adjacent rolls of a set that $0 the adjacent surfaces of the respective rolls f move in the same direction and cooperate to exert a fluid pressure on the textile.

40. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container,- sets of rolls within the container adapted tocontact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the sets of rolls, and means adapted to so revolve the adjacent rolls of a set that the adjacent surfacesot'the respective rolls move in the same direction and cooperate to .exert a suctionon the textile 41. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid containenisets of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile between the sets of rolls,and means adapted to so revolve the ad'acent rolls of each set that said adjacent rolls cooperate to create a stream of fluid passing through the m textile.

42. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls arranged'in pairs within the container adapted to contact with the fluid. means adapted m5 to pass the textile between the pairs of rolls,

and means adapted to so revolve the adjacent rolls that they cooperate to create a stream of fluid passing through the textile.

' Q43. A machine for treating a textile with 11 a fluid including a fluid container, sets of rolls arranged in pairs within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to ass the textile between the pairs of rolls, and means adapted to so revolve the adjacent rolls of each set and pair that a fluid pressure is created on one side of the textile and a suction is created .011 the opposite side of the textile tolcreate a stream of fluid passing through the textile/ 4 1-. A. machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container for the fluid, a roll within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile adjacent to said roll, means adapted is to revolve the roll at such a rate of speed as to create a suction and a fluid pressure on the textile and means adapted to limit the area of application of the suction and pressure. 45.A machine. for treating a textile with 1% a fluid including a container for the fluid, a roll within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adaptedto pass the textile adjacent to said roll, means adapted to revolve the roll at such a rate of speed as to create a suction and a fluid pressure on the textile and a baffle partially surrounding the roll and limiting the area of application of the pressure and suction.

46. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container for the fluid, a

roll within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted topass the textile adjacent said roll, means adapted to revolve the roll atsuch a rate of speed as to create a stream of fluid parallel'to the surface of the roll, and means adapted to deflect said fluid stream and direct it against the textile.

47. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container for the fluid, a roll within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, a housing for the roll having openings through whic the fluid may pass into and out of said housing, means adapted topass the textile over sa1d openings and means adapted to revolve the roll at such a rate of s eed that the fluid is drawn through thetexti e into the housin through one of the openings and forced rom the housing through the textile through another. of the opemngs.

48. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container for the fli id, a roll within the container ada tedto contact with the fluid, a housing for t e roll having openings through which the fluid may pass into and out of said housin one of said openings being larger than anot er, means adapted to pass the textile over said openings, and means adapted to revolve the roll at such a rate of speed and insuch a direction that fluid is drawn through the textile into the housing through said larger opening and forced from the housing through the textile through another opening.

49. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container forthefluid, a' roll within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, a, housing for the roll having openings one of which is larger than an other and throu h which the fluid may pass into and out o the housing, said housing being spaced from the roll and formed to provide a passage partiall around theroll between the openings an being flared to meet said larger opening, means adapted to pass the textile over said openings, and means adapted to revolve the roll insuch a direction and at such a speed that the fluid is drawn through the textile into the housing through said arger opening and forced from the housing through the textile through an other opening.

50. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container. for the fluid,

a plurality of rolls within the container on alternate sides :of the textile, means adapted to pass the textile between the rolls, means adapted to revolve the rolls at such rates of speed that each roll creates 'a suction and a fluid pressure on the textile and means to so place the areas of suction and pressure that the area of suction created by one roll is opposite to the area of pressure created by another roll, whereby a stream of fluid is forced through the textile.

51. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container for the fluid, a plurality of rolls on alternate sides of the textile, a housing for each roll having openings throu h which the fluid may ass into and out 0 said housing, means a apted to pass the textile over said openings, means adapted to revolve each roll at such a rate of speed that fluid is drawn through the tex tile into each housing through one of the openings" and forced "from the housing through the textile from another of the openings, the housings bein so positioned that the opening through which the fluid is drawn through which the fluid is forced from another housing.

52. A machine for treatinga textile with a fluid including a fluid container, two rolls within the container for contact with the fluid and having their axes parallel to each other, means for passing the textile between the rolls in a plane substantially at right angles to the plane of said axes and means for rotating the rolls at such ratesof speed and in such directions that one roll creates a fluid pressure on one side of the textile and the other roll creates a suction on'the opposite side ofthe textile.

53. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a fluid container, sets oi rolls within the container for contact with the fluid and having the axes of the rolls parallel to one another, means adapted to pass the textile between the sets of rolls in a plane pamllel to the plane of the axes of the rolls of a set, and means adapted to revolve each of the rolls at such a rate of speed and in such adirection with relation to the 'rolls of its set that a stream of fluid is forced through the textile.

ill

54. A machine for treating anxunwoven textile with a fluid including 'a fluid container, a roll within the container for contact w1th the fluid, means adapted; to pass the' textile adjacent said roll including a fluid permeable apron for. supporting the textile, and means adapted to revolve the roll at such a rate ofspeed that the fluid'is forced through the textile.

55. A machine for treating an unwoven textile with a fluid including a fluid container, two rolls within the container for contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass'the textile adjacent said rolls including a fluid permeable apron for supporting the textile, and means adaptedto revolve the rolls at such rates of speed-and in such directions that said rolls cooperate in creating a stream of fluid directed against the textile. c

56. A. machine for treating an unwoven textile with a fluid including a fluid container, two rolls within the container for contact with the fluid, means adapted to pass the textile adjacent said rolls including a fluid permeable apron for supporting the textile, and means adapted to revolve the rolls at such rates of speed and in such directions that said rolls cooperate in creating a stream of fluid through the textile.

57. A machine for treating an unwoven textile with a fluid including a fluid container, two rolls within the container for contact with the fluid, means adapted to ass the textile between said rolls including a uid permeable apron for supporting the textile, and means adapted to revolve the rolls at such rates of speed and in such directions that said rolls cooperate in creating a stream of fluid passing through the textile.

58. A machine for treating a textile" with a fluid including a container for the fluid, a movable element within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to move said element with suflicient speed to draw with it by friction 'suflicient fluid to form a fluid stream, a bafile situated in the path of said fluid stream and adapted to deflect said fluid stream and to draw it against the textile, and means adapted to pass the textile through the container adjacent to said baflie.

59.- A machine for treatinga textile with a fluid including a container for the fluid, a set of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to r0- tate said rolls with sufficient speed to drawwith them by friction suflicient fluid to form a fluid stream, means adapted to pass the textile between the rolls, a baflie having a face concentric withone of the rolls and placed close to the rolls, said bafile having another face tangent to the roll and situated to direct the fluid stream created by the roll against the textile.

.60. A machine for treating a textile with a fluid including a container for the fluid, a set of rolls within the container adapted to contact with the fluid, means adapted to retate said rolls with suificient speed to draw with them by friction sufiicient fluid to form a fluid stream, means adapted to pass the textile between the rolls, a baffle having a face concentric with one of the rolls and placed close to the roll and having another face tangent to the roll and situated direct the fluid stream created by the roll against the textile to form a pressure area, a second bafile having face concentric with the other roll and placed close to the roll, said second 'baflle' have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of March, 1927 WALLACE P. COHOE. 

